TSC1 and infection: In contrast to the previous studies that the TSC1-TSC2 complex is a critical negative regulator of mTORC1 and that TSC1/2 deficient cells have reduced autophagy via mTORC1-dependent inhibition and phosphorylation of ULK1 at S757, we observed that TSC1 deficient macrophages had higher basal and infection induced autophagy compared to wild type controls.