Notably, cancer types with known, albeit unexplained low rates of p53 mutations, such as kidney cancer types and prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) [29], tend to show low rates of PI, whereas cancers with high p53 mutation rates, such as pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) and colon adenocarcinoma (COAD), show high rates of PI (R = 0.740, p value = 0.002) (Fig. 7b). Here, TP53 is linked to colon adenocarcinoma.