SMAD3 was previously associated with CAD through an independent SNP41; however, the variant described here, rs17293632, resides within an open chromatin region ex vivo, and preferentially in TGF-β- and PDGF-BB-treated HCASMCs (Fig. 4c,d), peaks for JUN and JUND binding, and H3K27ac marked active enhancer region (Fig. 4c). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and coronary artery disorder.