Under hypoxia, a condition typical of gliomas’ core, A3AR mediates chemoresistance via the PKB/Akt pathway (leading to inactivation of the pro-apopototic Bad protein) and by upregulating matrix metalloproteinase-9, that degrades extracellular matrix and promotes migration of glioma cells towards healthy brain regions (Ceruti & Abbracchio and ref therein). Here, AKT1 is linked to glioma.