The two main histological subtypes are characterized by different molecular profiles [7, 8]: the embryonal RMS (ERMS) displays a loss of heterozygosity at 11p15 [9], along with the acquisition of chromosome 8 and several other mutations [7, 8], whereas the alveolar RMS (ARMS) is characterized in the vast majority by the t(2;13) translocation and its PAX3-FOXO1 fusion gene, or the less frequent variant t(1;13) and the PAX7-FOXO1 gene [10]. The gene discussed is FOXO1; the disease is alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma.