Of these four types, polyglandular autoimmune syndrome type 1, also known as APS1, autoimmune polyendocrinopathy–candiasis–ectodermal dystrophy or Whitaker syndrome, is a rare genetic disease which is autosomal recessive, inherited in a monogenic pattern and caused by a mutation in the gene of autoimmune regulation (AIRE) localized on the long arm of chromosome 21 (21q22.3) [OMIM 240300] [10, 11]. This evidence concerns the gene AIRE and autoimmune polyendocrinopathy.