HIF1A and posterior cortical atrophy: In particular, the enzyme cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) is activated in PCa cells under hypoxia and promotes HIF1α stabilization and nuclear accumulation through one of its downstream metabolites, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) [75,76], which leads to HIF1α activation via multiple signaling molecules including Mitogen-activated Protein (MAP) kinases, SRC and PI3K [72,76].