Moreover, the results of real-time PCR and western blot analyses indicated that both the mRNA and protein levels of Adcy2 (P<0.05), Atp1a2 (P<0.05), Gsr (P<0.05), Iyd (P<0.05), Pdia4, Plcb1 (P<0.05), Tg (P<0.05) and Tpo (P<0.05) expression in thyroid tissues of goiter rats were all lower than those in normal rats, but could be effectively increased by HYD treatment. Here, TG is linked to goiter.