Finally, donor differences in the expression or phosphorylation/activity of cellular SAMHD1, which restricts HIV infection in resting CD4+ T-cells [41–43], may also impact the relative sensitivity or resistance of resting CD4+ T-cells to infection and the subsequent establishment of latency, and therefore the need for an additional stimulus such as exogenous chemokine such as CCL19. This evidence concerns the gene CCL19 and HIV infectious disease.