This makes UBIAD1 only the third gene in which spontaneous mutations have been confirmed to be associated with a corneal dystrophy, in addition to ZEB1 mutations associated with posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy 3 [42, 43] and TGFBI mutations associated with Reis-Bücklers corneal dystrophy [44, 45], Thiel–Behnke corneal dystrophy [45], granular corneal dystrophy type 2 [46], and lattice corneal dystrophy [47]. Here, UBIAD1 is linked to posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy 3.