Moreover, in GBM patients from TCGA data, we observe that phospho-Mek1, and not phospho-Jnk, levels are higher in GNG4 low tumor as compared to those where GNG4 is high, which is corroborated by the fact that chemical inhibitor against ERK pathway abrogates GBM cell migration to the maximum extent. This evidence concerns the gene MAP2K1 and glioblastoma.