However, except for PPARγ, which was only slightly reduced, the expression level of the cellular proteins studied returned closely to basal levels after PGZ treatment of ECwt-infected villi, suggesting that the decreased viral infection caused by PGZ treatment is involving at least the presence of PPARγ, NF-κB, COX-2, PDI, and Hsc70. This evidence concerns the gene PPARG and viral infectious disease.