However, except for PPARγ, which was only slightly reduced, the expression level of the cellular proteins studied returned closely to basal levels after PGZ treatment of ECwt-infected villi, suggesting that the decreased viral infection caused by PGZ treatment is involving at least the presence of PPARγ, NF-κB, COX-2, PDI, and Hsc70. Here, NFKB1 is linked to viral infectious disease.