TXNIP and Hyperglycemia: We have previously shown that inhibition of TXNIP using DNAzyme technology attenuated oxidative stress, inflammasome signaling, tubulo-interstitial fibrosis and collagen deposition in the tubulo-interstitium of diabetic rats10, and hyperglycemia led to dysfunctional autophagy in renal tubular cells with decreased autophagic clearance11.