Furthermore, two small-molecule derivatives of curcumin, FLL32 and FLLL62, were shown to be efficient in treating several different types of cancer including renal cell carcinoma, melanoma, pancreatic cancer, and breast cancer by selectively binding to JAK2 and the STAT3 Src homology-2 domain, which serves a crucial role in STAT3 dimerization and signal transduction45. This evidence concerns the gene STAT3 and hereditary clear cell renal cell carcinoma.