There are many factors including sleep cycle and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system [30, 31], intermittent hypoxia-induced endothelial dysfunction and artery stiffness [32–34], and renal tubular dysfunction-related nocturnal natriuresis [29, 35, 36] that may impact kidney function from OSA. The gene discussed is REN; the disease is endothelial dysfunction.