To evaluate whether these miRNAs also show changes in expression depending on activation of the RAS/MAPK pathway in vivo, we compared their levels of expression in three groups of patients with pancreatic disease–PDAC, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) and AIP–showing various frequencies of KRAS gene mutation. Here, KRAS is linked to autoimmune pancreatitis.