KLK3 and cancer: To understand why exposure to LPS would result in significant increase in PSA secretion; since LPS is a known stimulant for inflammation, we proposed that infiltrating inflammatory molecules and change in the redox state of prostate microenvironment might induce a hypoxia similar to that found in solid tumor and could compromise the genomic stability of the epithelia cells, resulting in programming of the cells to a phenotype with cancer-like behaviors, including increase in PSA secretion.