In absence of CD8+ T-cell transfer, infection was not controlled and NIF were not formed (Figure 10C, image C1), which excludes protective NIF formation by residual other potentially CMV-protective cell types of innate or adaptive immunity, including cells also expressing CD3ε detected in the two-color IHC, such as CD4+ T cells, γ/δ T cells, and NKT cells. This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and infection.