TGFB1 and urinary bladder carcinoma: To test whether inhibition of endogenous TGF-β signaling by specific small molecule inhibitors can restrain the invasion and progression of bladder cancer, 16 male Balb/c mice with 26 weeks of BBN treatment were injected intraperitoneally with LY36494721 (1 mg/kg) 3 times a week for 4 weeks or PBS, respectively (8 mice per group, Fig. 6A).