Therefore, it may be of great benefit to automatically and systematically investigate the presence of immune-cell networks in tumors with improved fidelity; i.e. to painstakingly profile a tumor for diverse, precisely defined, distinct immune-cells (such as distinct phenotypes of effector CD8+ T cells profiled at high-resolution), rather than general immune-cell types, or generic associations to immune-cells such as “pro-tumor” and “antitumor” [22, 24]. This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and neoplasm.