Infection of WT macrophages with N. caninum induced a marked production of IL-6 (Fig. 2A,D) and TNF-α (Fig. 2B,E), and this response was partially suppressed in macrophages lacking Nod2, whereas IL-10 levels were increased in culture supernatants of Nod2−/− BMDMs at the initial replicative cycle of the parasite (8 h, Fig. 2C). Here, TNF is linked to infection.