IL18 and acute kidney injury: In the last years, several promising early biomarkers of acute kidney injury have been identified in urine, including neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), interleukin-18 (IL-18) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), that are in advanced stages of validation while despite the increasing number of studies on the EVs, urinary EV biomarker discovery remains in its infancy for insufficient number of patients involved in above mentioned studies.