IGF1 and prostate carcinoma: While some studies have identified associations with breast cancer risk for certain variants of IGF-related genes (15, 20–22), the Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium (BPC3) genotyped 550 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across 24 IGF1 pathway genes in a population of predominantly Caucasian postmenopausal women, but found no association with breast cancer risk (23).