However, the most compelling data demonstrating that IgM-NAA can counter pathogenic IgG autoantibodies are studies in murine models of SLE where administration of IgM anti-DNA or increasing expression of IgM anti-DNA in MRL-lpr mice (by crossing MRL-lpr mice with transgenic mice expressing IgM anti-DNA) ameliorated disease activity (107, 126). The gene discussed is CD40LG; the disease is systemic lupus erythematosus.