CD4 and oral candidiasis: Oral candidiasis, an important indicator of immune function in the context of HIV, was particularly associated with maternal disease severity; compared to HIV-unexposed infants, HEU infants born to mothers with CD4 counts <200 cells/μL had an incidence rate ratio of oral thrush of 3.91 (95% CI 2.29–6.66), whereas those born to mothers with CD4 counts >800 cells/μL had an IRR of 1.91 (95% CI 1.02–3.58).