DYRK1A and Alzheimer disease: Among the 33 genes in the DCR, dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A), which has been always found overexpressed in DS patients and mouse models (Guimera et al., 1999; Dowjat et al., 2007), has received considerable attention because of its involvement in brain functions and processes that are altered in DS, and in the early onset of neurofibrillary degeneration, β-amyloidosis, neuronal loss and AD-like phenotypes in DS (Liu et al., 2008; Wegiel et al., 2011).