Pathogenic roles for C5a/C5aR1 signaling have also been reported in a number of other animal models of infectious disease, such as malaria, acute pneumococcal otitis media, and gram-negative bacteremia.16, 17, 18 However, the roles for C5aR1 in chronic kidney disease, particularly under conditions of infection, are largely unknown. This evidence concerns the gene C5AR1 and infectious disease.