HSPA5 and malignant colon neoplasm: Interestingly, a study by Hardy et al. [16] showed that the localisation of GRP78 within colon cancer cells was crucial to their tumourigenicity with cells expressing GRP78 in the ER but not on the cell surface being highly proliferative and capable of inducing liver metastasis in a human metastatic colorectal carcinoma model in mice [16].