In pancreatic cancer, the inhibitor of NF-κB kinase α (IKKα) forms complexes with Smads and transactivates the Snail1 and Snail2 genes that elicit EMT [181], whereas the Ras oncoprotein promotes Erk MAP-kinase signaling that also contributes to Snail1 induction [182]. This evidence concerns the gene SNAI1 and familial pancreatic carcinoma.