PPARA and metabolic syndrome: Diet-induced PPAR downregulation can be considered as a negative effect, since it is often present alongside conditions like dyslipidemia [10], hypoadiponectinemia [11], insulin resistance/diabetes [12], chronic inflammation [13], lipotoxicity [14], diabetic nephropathy [15], diabetic retinopathy [16] and several others; such downregulation can be seen when routinely consuming Western-type diets, which are rich in fat.