CASP3 and cancer: The results from protein analyses (Figure 5D) further supported the notion that tNOX knockdown-mediated SIRT1 downregulation reduces the cancer phenotypes of these cultured bladder cancer cells, demonstrating an increase in levels of Bim, caspase 3-direct PARP cleavage, and p53 (enhanced apoptosis), changes in levels of cyclin D, CDK4, and p21 (prolonged cell cycle progression), an increase in E-cadherin while FAK and slug are downregulated (attenuated cell migration).