The effects of ROCK1/2 inhibitors are likely due to activation of the ductal program, as Y27632 enhances the ductal regulator Pdx1 and Sox9 and increases expression of the ductal marker CA II. Our findings are consistent with previous reports showing that Rac1 is required for mutant Kras- and pancreatitis-induced ADM development38, 39. This evidence concerns the gene PDX1 and pancreatitis.