TGFB1 and neoplasm: Experimental studies have demonstrated that fibrinogen binding to secreted growth factors, such as members of the transforming growth factor-b (TGF-b), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) families, promotes tumor cell proliferation, inhibition of apoptosis, angiogenesis, and metastasis [13].