Confocal immunofluorescence microscopy confirmed MSP1 labelling characteristic of rings at 6 hours post-infection and the presence of some schizonts at the end of the 24 h cycle in the KO cell lines for both genes (Fig 5A), though the frequency and size of the parasites is smaller in the GYPC-/- cell line (Fig 5A right panel). The gene discussed is ATAD1; the disease is infection.