Capsaicin treatment induced activation of p53-SMAR1 auto-regulatory loop to repress COX-2 expression that restrained HIF-1α nuclear localization, which consequently downregulated VEGF expression to stop endothelial cell migration and network formation, pre-requisites of angiogenesis in tumor micro-environment in NSCLC cells [42]. Here, HIF1A is linked to neoplasm.