SPP1 and Ascites: Patients with ascites and HE at admission had significantly higher levels of urinary MCP-1 and OPN compared to those of patients without these complications (0.73 (0.27–1.59) and 1688 (655–4240) vs 0.38 (0.15–0.74) and 1068 (283–2505) ug/g creat, p <0.001 for patients with ascites; 0.79 (0.35–2.01) and 1990 (594–4757) vs 0.48 (0.20–1.08) and 1216 (508–3008), ug/g creat, p<0.05 for patients with hepatic encephalopathy).