In the present study, we have comprehensively reviewed recent literatures on AML mutations and selected target genes which show relatively high frequencies (NPM1, FLT3, IDH1/2, CEBPA, DNMT3A, WT1), adverse prognostic impact (TET2, ASXL1, NRAS, KRAS, KIT) and associations with secondary/therapy related myeloid neoplasm/cytogenetic abnormalities (JAK2, TP53, PTPN11, BRAF, CBL, SETD2) [5, 12, 14–22]. The gene discussed is NPM1; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.