Although the variations in serum and biliary levels of WFA-sialylated MUC1 were larger within groups, the levels were significantly higher in patients with either BTC or IhCC and in patients with perihilar CC, distal CC, gallbladder carcinoma, and IhCC than in control subjects and those with benign biliary tract diseases (Tables 1 and 2). This evidence concerns the gene MUC1 and gallbladder carcinoma.