These LCCs are frequently observed in in chronic human liver diseases, such as cirrhosis, and in the livers of some transgenic mice expressing oncogenic proteins (for example, CyclinD1-, β-Catenin/H-rasG12V- and c-Myc/Tgfα) before their development of HCC (ref. 40). This evidence concerns the gene TGFA and hepatocellular carcinoma.