We measured serum levels of the pro-angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF), and placental growth factor (PlGF) and anti-angiogenic soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) in 352 incident breast cancer cases [mean age at diagnosis 67 (range 55–83)] and 352 non-cases in the prostate, lung, colorectal, and ovarian screening trial (women enrolled 1993–2001, followed through 2005) matched on age and date of enrollment. This evidence concerns the gene PGF and breast carcinoma.