PGF and breast carcinoma: Numerous studies show poorer survival in women with breast cancer tumors that overexpress angiogenesis-promoting proteins including VEGF (also known as VEGF-A) [1–4] and PlGF (a member of the VEGF family) [5, 6], but the prognostic utility of these markers in newly diagnosed cancer is not clear [1, 7, 8], and their potential etiologic roles in breast cancer have not been well studied.