In the group of 1–9-year-old T1D patients with serum MANF concentration over 13.5 ng/ml (n = 11) the average levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12 (p70), IL-13, and IFN-γ were 13-56% higher compared to the levels in the patients with lower MANF concentration (n = 39, Table 4). Here, IL5 is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.