The average (median) serum MANF concentration in 10–17-year-old patients with recent onset T1D (sample taken 0–24 days from the diagnosis; n = 88) was 8.1 ± 4.1 (7.2) ng/ml, whereas in the autoantibody-positive (n = 44) and autoantibody-negative (n = 45) controls it was 6.8 ± 3.2 (6.0) ng/ml and 7.1 ± 3.7 (6.6) ng/ml, respectively (Table 2). Here, MANF is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.