CXCL10 and HIV infectious disease: For example, CXCL10 was initially identified as an interferon-gamma-induced protein (also named interferon inducible protein-10) and a ligand for CXCR3 [16,17], although in the context of HIV infection there is evidence that the strong relationship between plasma viraemia and CXCL10 [5, 8–10,18] is likely to be mediated via IFN-α-induced toll-like receptors 7 and 8 [18].