Modulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, inhibition of topoisomerases I and II, reduction of NF-κB and AP-1 activity, stabilization of p53, and inhibition of PI3K, STAT3, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) have also been described as the causes behind the cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic potential of luteolin [179]. Here, IGF1R is linked to cancer.