EGFR and cancer: Of the 1.5 million new cases of lung cancer every year, about 85% are non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the leading cause of cancer death worldwide.[1] Approximately 70–80% of patients with NSCLC present with advanced disease and a poor prognosis.[1] There are many driver mutations in NSCLC, among which the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation and ALK fusion are the 2 most common therapeutic targets.[2]