BRAF and pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma: Recently, a mutation-specific monoclonal antibody (VE-1) for the BRAF V600E mutation has been developed [6] and successfully validated in malignant melanoma, colorectal and papillary thyroid cancer as well as non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas (PXA) [7–11].