These results suggest the prevalence of an obstructive pulmonary pattern and seem to be in agreement with the pathogenic hypothesis whereby cytokines, such as IL6, IL8, and TNF-alpha, which are produced as a result of contact with bacterial endotoxins of bioaerosols, may be the main mediators of the inflammatory response involved in the development of chronic obstructive lung diseases. Here, TNF is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.