TNF and colonic neoplasm: Real time qPCR analyses delineate increased transcription of genes encoding cytokines such as TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-11 in colonic tumors of Ripk3−/− mice when compared to WT mice (Figure 3A), whereas the expression of IFNγ, which along its pro-inflammatory role has tumor-suppressing capabilities, remained unchanged in colonic tumors (Figure 3B).