As outlined above, cancer cells themselves respond to and are affected by the increased TGFβ levels, which leads to phenotypic change of the cancer cells from epithelial to mesenchymal (EMT transition), loss of polarity and adhesion, associated with increased migration and invasion cell properties, as well as increased chemoattraction to distant tissues (e.g., bone), thereby favoring and inducing metastatic development [9, 20]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to cancer.