PPARGC1A and gestational diabetes: Similarly, DNA methylation levels at PPARGC1α tended to be higher in placenta exposed to GDM (CpG3; 49.8 ± 13.9 vs. 46.7 ± 15.0, p = 0.17 and CpG4; 55.2 ± 13.5 vs. 51.0 ± 12.5, p = 0.09).