The genes that were upregulated in primary BC included MMPs (MMP2, MMP9, MMP11, MMP13, and MME), KRTs (KRT5, KRT14, and KRT 17), VCAM1, CXCL12, SCUBE2, TP63, and SFRP. Expression levels of SOX2 and OLIG2 were downregulated in primary BC compared to BCBM. This evidence concerns the gene VCAM1 and breast cancer.